What Is Eye Gaze?

Eye Gaze is an AAC access method that uses a camera to track an individual’s eye movements.  When the user looks at a word, symbol, or letter for a specific amount of time, the device can select and communicate the message. 

iOS Eye Tracking Vs. Dedicated Eye-Gaze Systems

Apple Eye Tracking is a built-in accessibility feature that uses the front-facing camera on compatible iPads and iPhones to track eye movement. It provides a readily available option that may meet some users’ needs.

• Newer QuickTalker Freestyles can set up iOS eye tracking on their device.

Dedicated Eye-Gaze Systems use specialized cameras and sensors designed for reliable, sustained eye-gaze access. They can be paired with communication devices and offer greater customization for individuals with complex access needs.

• The QuickTalker Freestyle is not a dedicated eye-gaze device.

What Does Success Look Like?

Key Considerations

1. Explore the Technology

Different eye gaze systems may respond differently to individual visual and ocular characteristics. When possible, trial multiple technologies.

Consider:

• How do systems compare on tracking accuracy, responsiveness, target size, positioning feedback, pause/resume access, environmental demands and consistency?
• How might glasses, contacts, nystagmus, astigmatism or cortical visual impairment affect access?

2. Calibration Matters

Whenever possible, the person using the system should complete the calibration. Calibration allows the system to learn the individual’s unique eye characteristics and gaze patterns.

Think of calibration like setting up a fingerprint: each person’s eyes and gaze patterns are different.

Consider:

• Is the user given time to complete calibration, rather than someone else doing it simply because it is faster?

3. Positioning Is Key

Both user and device positioning affect tracking. Use the system’s visual feedback during setup and calibration and find a comfortable position that can be recreated across environments.

Consider:

• Posture and head positioning
• Distance from the screen and visual needs
• Ability to maintain position
• A consistent, adjustable mount to help recreate successful positioning

4. Pause and Resume

Because the user is often looking toward the device even when not communicating, the system may interpret natural eye movements as selections.

Consider:

• Can the user independently pause when listening, thinking, or taking a break?
• Can they easily resume?
• How much partner assistance is needed?

5. Start Slow

Eye gaze is a new motor skill and may require practice. Begin with shorter periods and build tolerance gradually.

Consider:

• Are rest breaks built in?
• Are there signs of fatigue, such as blinking, tearing, or changes in coloring or behavior?

Accuracy Is Just the Beginning

Accuracy matters, but it should not be the only measure of success. Use the questions below to evaluate functional access.

• Accuracy: Can they consistently select the intended target?
• Speed: How long does it take to make a selection?
• Fatigue: Does performance change over time?
• Visual Attention: Can they find and shift between targets?
• Motor Control: Can they intentionally start and stop gaze?
• Navigation: Can they move between pages?
• Communication: Can they use it for meaningful communication?
• Consistency: Does performance remain similar across sessions?
• Environment: Does it work with different lighting, seating, and positioning?

The Goal of an Eye Gaze Trial

The goal of testing eye gaze is not simply to find out whether someone can use eye tracking, but to find out whether it gives them reliable, efficient, and sustainable access to meaningful communication. Trial more than one system, letting the user complete calibration, building up a tolerance, and assessing more than just accuracy helps decide if eye gaze is right for them.